Abstract
The rapid improvements in identifying the genetic factors contributing to facial morphology have enabled the early identification of craniofacial syndromes. Similarly, this technology can be vital in forensic cases involving human identification from biological traces or human remains, especially when reference samples are not available in the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) database. This review summarizes the currently used methods for predicting human phenotypes such as age, ancestry, pigmentation, and facial features based on genetic variations. To identify the facial features affected by DNA, various two-dimensional (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D)-scanning techniques and analysis tools are reviewed. A comparison between the scanning technologies is also presented in this review. Face-landmarking techniques and face-phenotyping algorithms are discussed in chronological order. Then, the latest approaches in genetic to 3D face shape analysis are emphasized. A systematic review of the current markers that passed the threshold of a genome-wide association (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-face traits from the GWAS Catalog is also provided using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), approach. Finally, the current challenges in forensic DNA phenotyping are analyzed and discussed.
Subject
Genetics (clinical),Genetics
Reference215 articles.
1. A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth;Bhatia;Am. J. Orthod.,1979
2. Facial Genetics: A Brief Overview;Richmond;Front. Genet.,2018
3. Forensic DNA Phenotyping: Predicting human appearance from crime scene material for investigative purposes;Kayser;Forensic Sci. Int. Genet.,2015
4. Margiotta, G., Iacovissi, E., Tommolini, F., and Carnevali, E. (2016). Forensic Medicine: Fundamentals, Clinical Perspectives and Challenges, Nova Science Pub. Inc.
5. The Use of Forensic DNA Phenotyping in Predicting Appearance and Biogeographic Ancestry;Schneider;Dtsch. Arztebl. Int.,2019
Cited by
5 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献