Response of Sunflower Yield and Water Productivity to Saline Water Irrigation in the Coastal Zones of the Ganges Delta
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Published:2024-01-29
Issue:1
Volume:8
Page:20
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ISSN:2571-8789
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Container-title:Soil Systems
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Soil Systems
Author:
Sarker Khokan Kumer1ORCID, Mainuddin Mohammed2ORCID, Bell Richard W.3ORCID, Kamar SK Shamshul Alam1, Akanda Mohammad A. R.1, Sarker Bidhan Chandro4, Paul Priya Lal Chandra5ORCID, Glover Mark6ORCID, Shahadat Mustafa Kamal1ORCID, Khan Mohammad Shahidul Islam1, Rashid Md. Harunor1, Barrett-Lennard Edward G.3
Affiliation:
1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh 2. CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia 3. Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia 4. Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh 5. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh 6. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Abstract
The intensification of cropping systems in the salt-affected coastal zones of the Ganges Delta can boost food security in the region. The scarcity of fresh water, coupled with varying degrees of soil and water salinity are however limiting factors for the expansion of irrigated cropping in that area. In this study, we assessed the potential of growing sunflowers using combinations of low and medium saline water for irrigation. The experiments were conducted at two locations with six irrigation treatments in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. The treatments were: T1—two irrigations at early vegetative (25–30 days after sowing; DAS) and flowering stages (60–65 DAS) with low salinity water (LSW, electric conductivity, ECw < 2 dS m−1); T2—two irrigations, one at the vegetative stage with LSW and one at the flowering stage with medium salinity water (MSW, 2 < ECw < 5dS m−1); T3—two irrigations, one at the vegetative stage with LSW and one at seed development stage (75–80 DAS) with MSW; T4—three irrigations at the vegetative, flowering and seed development stages with LSW; T5—three irrigations, at vegetative stage with LSW, and flowering and seed development stages with MSW; and T6—three irrigations, two at the vegetative and flowering stages with LSW and one at the seed development stage with MSW. Irrigation with LSW at early growth stages and MSW at later growth stages did not significantly (p < 0.05) affect the yield compared to the LSW irrigation at early and later growth stages. Crop water productivity and irrigation water productivity of sunflowers (p < 0.001) increased substantially with the decreasing amount of irrigation water with an average of 1.18 kg m−3 and 2.22 kg m−3 in 2017 and 0.92 kg m−3 and 1.29 kg m−3 in 2018, respectively. Grain yield was significantly correlated with root zone solute potential. The flowering and seed development stages of sunflowers in February–March were sensitive to both low and medium saline water irrigation for seed yield. Overall, the results show that irrigation with LSW (ECw < 2dS m−1) at early growth stages and MSW (2 < ECw < 5dS m−1) at later growth stages could be an option for dry-season sunflowers in the coastal zones of the Ganges Delta which would allow double cropping in this area.
Funder
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Krishi Gobeshona Foundation
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Soil Science
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