Insight into the Inhibitory Mechanisms of Hesperidin on α-Glucosidase through Kinetics, Fluorescence Quenching, and Molecular Docking Studies

Author:

Kaliaperumal Kumaravel12ORCID,Zhang Linyan1,Gao Liangliang1,Xiong Qin1,Liang Yan1,Jiang Yueming13ORCID,Zhang Jun1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China

2. Unit of Biomaterials Research, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India

3. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China

Abstract

The α-glucosidase inhibitor is of interest to researchers due to its association with type-II diabetes treatment by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. Hesperidin is a major flavonoid in orange fruit with diverse biological properties. This paper evaluates the effects of hesperidin on α-glucosidase through inhibitory kinetics, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking methods for the first time. The inhibition kinetic analysis shows that hesperidin reversibly inhibited the α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 18.52 μM and the inhibition was performed in an uncompetitive type. The fluorescence quenching studies indicate that the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching process and only one binding site was present between the hesperidin and α-glucosidase. The interaction between them was spontaneous and mainly driven by hydrogen bonds, as well as hydrophobic forces. Furthermore, the molecular docking results suggest that hesperidin might bond to the entrance or outlet part of the active site of α-glucosidase through a network of five hydrogen bonds formed between hesperidin and the four amino acid residues (Trp709, Arg422, Asn424, and Arg467) of α-glucosidase and the hydrophobic effects. These results provide new insight into the inhibitory mechanisms of hesperidin on α-glucosidase, supporting the potential application of a hesperidin-rich orange product as a hypoglycemic functional food.

Funder

Key Research Project of Jiangxi Province

“Double Thousand Talents Plan” of Jiangxi Province

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science

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