Induction Mechanism of Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis: A Novel Therapeutic Target in Nervous System Diseases

Author:

Tang Lu12,Liu Sitong12,Li Shiwei12,Chen Ye23,Xie Bingqing45,Zhou Jun12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China

2. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China

3. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China

4. Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China

5. Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China

Abstract

In recent years, three emerging cell deaths, ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, have gradually attracted everyone’s attention, and they also play an important role in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Ferroptosis is an idiographic iron-dependent form regulated cell death with the hallmark of accumulation of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Necroptosis is a form of regulated necrotic cell death mediated by the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1(RIPK1) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3RIPK3. Pyroptosis, also known as cell inflammatory necrosis, is a programmed cell necrosis mediated by Gasdermin D (GSDMD). It is manifested by the continuous swelling of the cells until the cell membrane ruptures, resulting in the release of the cell contents and the activation of a strong inflammatory response. Neurological disorders remain a clinical challenge and patients do not respond well to conventional treatments. Nerve cell death can aggravate the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. This article reviews the specific mechanisms of these three types of cell death and their relationship with neurological diseases and the evidence for the role of the three types of cell death in neurological diseases; understanding these pathways and their mechanisms is helpful for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Sichuan Science and Technology Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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