Innovative Functional Biomaterials as Therapeutic Wound Dressings for Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Author:

Da Silva Jessica1234ORCID,Leal Ermelindo C.13ORCID,Carvalho Eugénia13ORCID,Silva Eduardo A.45

Affiliation:

1. CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

2. PDBEB—Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

3. Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal

4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facilities, UC Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA

5. Department of Chemistry, Bioscience, and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Kristine Bonnevies vei 22, 4021 Stavanger, Norway

Abstract

The imbalance of local and systemic factors in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) delays, or even interrupts, the highly complex and dynamic process of wound healing, leading to diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) in 15 to 25% of cases. DFU is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations worldwide, posing a huge threat to the well-being of individuals with DM and the healthcare system. Moreover, despite all the latest efforts, the efficient management of DFUs still remains a clinical challenge, with limited success rates in treating severe infections. Biomaterial-based wound dressings have emerged as a therapeutic strategy with rising potential to handle the tricky macro and micro wound environments of individuals with DM. Indeed, biomaterials have long been related to unique versatility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and wound healing properties, features that make them ideal candidates for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, biomaterials may be used as a local depot of biomolecules with anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and antimicrobial properties, further promoting adequate wound healing. Accordingly, this review aims to unravel the multiple functional properties of biomaterials as promising wound dressings for chronic wound healing, and to examine how these are currently being evaluated in research and clinical settings as cutting-edge wound dressings for DFU management.

Funder

European Regional Development Fund

FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Fulbright Scholarship

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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