Antiproliferative Activity and Impact on Human Gut Microbiota of New O-Alkyl Derivatives of Naringenin and Their Oximes
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Published:2023-06-07
Issue:12
Volume:24
Page:9856
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ISSN:1422-0067
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Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Kozłowska Joanna1ORCID, Duda-Madej Anna2ORCID, Baczyńska Dagmara3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland 2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland 3. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
Abstract
Naringenin is a 5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavanone naturally occurring mainly in citrus fruits, characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activity. Chemical modifications based on alkylation and oximation in most cases increase its bioactivity. The aim of our research was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity and influence on selected representatives of the human gut microbiota of new synthesized O-alkyl derivatives (A1–A10) and their oximes (B1–B10), which contain hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and undecyl chains attached to the C-7 or to both the C-7 and C-4′ positions in naringenin. To the best of our knowledge, compounds A3, A4, A6, A8–A10 and B3–B10 have not been described in the scientific literature previously. The anticancer activity was tested on human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and mouse embryo fibroblasts 3T3-L1 using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. We also determined the impacts of all compounds on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity was expressed in terms of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values. For 7,4′-di-O-hexylnaringenin (A2), 7-O-undecylnaringenin (A9) and their oximes (B2, B9), which were safe for microbiota (MIC > 512 µg/mL) and almost all characterized by high cytotoxicity against the HT-29 cell line (A2: IC50 > 100 µg/mL; A9: IC50 = 17.85 ± 0.65 µg/mL; B2: IC50 = 49.76 ± 1.63 µg/mL; B9: IC50 = 11.42 ± 1.17 µg/mL), apoptosis assays were performed to elucidate their mechanisms of action. Based on our results, new compound B9 induced an apoptotic process via caspase 3/7 activation, which proved its potential as an anticancer agent.
Funder
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
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