Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Serum from Tatarstan, Russia

Author:

Hamza Shaimaa1ORCID,Martynova Ekaterina1,Garanina Ekaterina1,Shakirova Venera2,Bilalova Alisa2,Moiseeva Svetlana2,Khaertynova Ilsiyar2ORCID,Ohlopkova Olesia3,Blatt Nataliya1,Markelova Maria1ORCID,Khaiboullina Svetlana1

Affiliation:

1. OpenLab “Gene and Cell Technologies”, Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia

2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia

3. State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia

Abstract

The severity of COVID-19 is a result of the complex interplay between various branches of the immune system. However, our understanding of the role of neutralizing antibodies and the activation of cellular immune response in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains limited. In this study, we investigated neutralizing antibodies in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, analyzing their cross-reactivity with the Wuhan and Omicron variants. We also assessed the activation of the immune response by measuring serum cytokines in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Our findings suggest the early activation of neutralizing antibodies in moderate COVID-19 compared to mild cases. We also observed a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron and Wuhan variants and the severity of the disease. In addition, we found that Th1 lymphocyte activation was present in mild and moderate cases, while inflammasomes and Th17 lymphocytes were activated in severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our data indicate that the early activation of neutralizing antibodies is evident in moderate COVID-19, and there is a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies and the severity of the disease. Our findings suggest that the Th1 immune response may play a protective role, while inflammasome and Th17 activation may be involved in severe COVID-19.

Funder

Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program

Russian Science Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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