Effect of Highly Hydrophilic Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Macrophage Function and Survival

Author:

Korakaki Efterpi1,Simos Yannis Vasileios12ORCID,Karouta Niki23,Spyrou Konstantinos23ORCID,Zygouri Panagiota23ORCID,Gournis Dimitrios Panagiotis23ORCID,Tsamis Konstantinos Ioannis12ORCID,Stamatis Haralambos24ORCID,Dounousi Evangelia25ORCID,Vezyraki Patra1,Peschos Dimitrios12

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

2. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

4. Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

5. Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have garnered significant attention in the medical sector due to their exceptional superparamagnetic properties and reliable tracking capabilities. In this study, we investigated the immunotoxicity of SPIONs with a modified surface to enhance hydrophilicity and prevent aggregate formation. The synthesized SPIONs exhibited a remarkably small size (~4 nm) and underwent surface modification using a novel “haircut” reaction strategy. Experiments were conducted in vitro using a human monocytic cell line (THP-1). SPIONs induced dose-dependent toxicity to THP-1 cells, potentially by generating ROS and initiating the apoptotic pathway in the cells. Concentrations up to 10 μg/mL did not affect the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NF-κB, or TLR-4 proteins. The results of the present study demonstrated that highly hydrophilic SPIONs were highly toxic to immune cells; however, they did not activate pathways of inflammation and immune response. Further investigation into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity is warranted to develop a synthetic approach for producing effective, highly hydrophilic SPIONs with little to no side effects.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials

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