No Associations between Dairy Intake and Markers of Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Healthy Adult Cohort

Author:

Bouzid Yasmine Y.12ORCID,Chin Elizabeth L.12,Spearman Sarah S.2,Alkan Zeynep1,Stephensen Charles B.12,Lemay Danielle G.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA

2. Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA

Abstract

Dairy products are a good source of essential nutrients and past reviews have shown associations of dairy consumption with decreased systemic inflammation. Links between dairy intake and gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation are under-investigated. Therefore, we examined associations between reported dairy intake and markers of GI inflammation in healthy adults in a cross-sectional observational study, hypothesizing a negative association with yogurt intake, suggesting a protective effect, and no associations with total dairy, fluid milk, and cheese intake. Participants completed 24-h dietary recalls and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess recent and habitual intake, respectively. Those who also provided a stool sample (n = 295), and plasma sample (n = 348) were included in analysis. Inflammation markers from stool, including calprotectin, neopterin, and myeloperoxidase, were measured along with LPS-binding protein (LBP) from plasma. Regression models tested associations between dairy intake variables and inflammation markers with covariates: age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). As yogurt is episodically consumed, we examined differences in inflammation levels between consumers (>0 cup equivalents/day reported in recalls) and non-consumers. We found no significant associations between dairy intake and markers of GI inflammation. In this cohort of healthy adults, dairy intake was not associated with GI inflammation.

Funder

United States Department of Agriculture

California Dairy Research Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

Reference45 articles.

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2. Consumption of Dairy Product and Its Association with Total and Cause Specific Mortality—A Population-Based Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis;Mazidi;Clin. Nutr.,2018

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4. Milk and Yogurt Consumption Are Linked with Higher Bone Mineral Density but Not with Hip Fracture: The Framingham Offspring Study;Sahni;Arch. Osteoporos.,2013

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