Socio-Economic Indicators for Water Management in the South-West Europe Territory: Sectorial Water Productivity and Intensity in Employment

Author:

Larraz Beatriz1ORCID,García-Rubio Noelia1ORCID,Gámez Matías1ORCID,Sauvage Sabine2ORCID,Cakir Roxelane3,Raimonet Mélanie4ORCID,Pérez José Miguel Sánchez2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Paseo de los Estudiantes, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain

2. Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3–Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31062 Toulouse, France

3. HETWA, 31400 Toulouse, France

4. CNRS, Univ. Brest, IRD, Ifremer, IUEM, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzane, France

Abstract

Given the need for water use to be a crucial consideration in sustainable development, an adequate water allocation system across economic sectors is essential, especially in the face of increasing seasonal and perennial water scarcity. In an attempt to facilitate a socially and economically efficient adaptation to the climate emergency, we propose a set of eleven socio-economic indicators to analyze the current water management. This set of indicators could help to quantify the interrelationship between water use and its economic perspective, as well as its social perspective through its impact on employment. Any demand for water not only includes the direct use of water but also its indirect use, referred to as virtual water. This is the water indirectly used through the other inputs in the production process (input–output methodology). These indicators are evaluated in the South-West Europe territory where, in light of increasing water scarcity, there is a need to orientate water allocation toward employment with less intensive water use, to more water productivity and to less environmental impacts. The results at river basin scales show that water use is more productive in the tertiary than in the secondary and primary sectors.

Funder

European Union

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference41 articles.

1. WCED (1987). Our Common Future, World Commission on Environment and Development, United Nations. Available online: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf.

2. United Nations (1992, January 26–31). The Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development. Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and the Environment, Dublin, Ireland. Available online: https://www.gdrc.org/uem/water/dublin-statement.html.

3. European Courts of Auditors (2021). Sustainable Water Use in Agriculture: CAP Funds more Likely to Promote Greater Rather than more Efficient Water Use, Publication Office of the European Union. Special Report, Num. 20.

4. World Bank (2020). Renewable Internal Freshwater Resources per Capita (Cubic Meters), World Bank. Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ER.H2O.INTR.PC?locations=EU.

5. Young, R.A., and Loomis, J.B. (2014). Determining the Economic Value of Water, RFF Press, Routledge. [2nd ed.].

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