Claudins—Promising Biomarkers for Selected Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies?

Abstract

Despite recent(最近) improvements in diagnostic ability(能力) and treatment(治疗) strategies for patients(病人) with neoplastic disease(疾病), gastrointestinal (GI) cancers(癌症), such(这样) as colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and oesophageal cancers(癌症), are still common(常见) malignancies and the leading(领先) cause(原因) of cancer(癌症) deaths worldwide(全世界), with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis as well as poor patient(病人) prognosis. There is a link(链接) between the secretion of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and the pathogenesis of GI tumours. Recent(最近) findings have focused(焦点) on the potential(潜在) significance(意义) of selected claudins (CLDNs) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of GI cancers(癌症). Tight junctions (TJs) have been proven to play an important role(作用) in maintaining cell(细胞) polarity and permeability. A number of authors have recently(最近) revealed that TJ proteins, particularly(特别是) selected CLDNs, are related(相关) to inflammation and the development(发展) of various tumours, including GI malignancies. This review(检讨) presents general(一般) characteristics and the involvement(参与) of selected CLDNs in the progression(进展) of GI malignancies, with a focus(焦点) on the potential(潜在) application(应用) of these proteins in the diagnosis(诊断) and prognosis of colorectal cancer(癌症) (CRC), gastric cancer(癌症) (GC), pancreatic cancer(癌症) (PC), and oesophageal cancer(癌症) (EC). Our review(检讨) indicates that selected CLDNs, particularly(特别是) CLDN1, 2, 4, 7, and 18, play a significant(显著) role(作用) in the development(发展) of GI tumours and in patient(病人) prognosis. Furthermore, selected CLDNs may be of value(价值) in the design(设计) of therapeutic(治疗) strategies for the treatment(治疗) of recurrent tumours.