Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Abstract
Metastatic tumors cause the most deaths in cancer patients. Treating metastasis remains the primary goal of current cancer research. Although the immune system prevents and kills the tumor cells, the function of the immune system in metastatic cancer has been unappreciated for decades because tumors are able to develop complex signaling pathways to suppress immune responses, leading them to escape detection and elimination. Studies showed NK cell-based therapies have many advantages and promise for fighting metastatic cancers. We here review the function of the immune system in tumor progression, specifically focusing on the ability of NK cells in antimetastasis, how metastatic tumors escape the NK cell attack, as well as the recent development of effective antimetastatic immunotherapies.
Funder
Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health
Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
Reference281 articles.
1. Direct recognition of cytomegalovirus by activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors;Arase;Science,2002
2. Parallels and differences between innate and adaptive lymphocytes;Bedoui;Nat. Immunol.,2016
3. Janeway, C.A., Travers, P., Walport, M., and Shlomchik, M.J. (2001). Principles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease, Garland Science. [5th ed.].
4. The evolution of adaptive immune systems;Cooper;Cell,2006
5. Mutual regulation of tumour vessel normalization and immunostimulatory reprogramming;Tian;Nature,2017
Cited by
12 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献