Affiliation:
1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
2. Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Abstract
Background: There is a research gap between genetic predisposition, socioeconomic factors, and their interactions on thyroid tumorigenesis. Methods: Individual and genetic data were obtained from UK Biobank. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between genetic risk, socioeconomic factors, and thyroid cancer (TCa). A stratified analysis was conducted to estimate their joint effects. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further used to examine the potential causality. Results: A total of 502,394 participants were included in this study. Three index loci (rs4449583, rs7726159, and rs7725218) of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were found to be significantly related to incident TCa. Association analyses showed that high genetic risk, low household income, and high education level were independent risk factors, while unemployment and frequent social connection were suggestive risk factors for TCa. Interaction analyses showed that in participants with low genetic risk, low household income was significantly associated with TCa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–2.46). In participants with high genetic risk, those with a high education level (OR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65) and frequent social connection (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.02–1.81) had a significantly increased risk of TCa. However, no causal relationship was observed in the MR analysis. Conclusion: Interactions exist between genetic risk, household income, education level, and social connection and thyroid cancer.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macau Science and Technology Program
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