Potential Role of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Treatment of Malignant Brain Gliomas

Author:

Caffo Maria1ORCID,Curcio Antonello1,Rajiv Kumar23,Caruso Gerardo1ORCID,Venza Mario1,Germanò Antonino1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Neurosurgical Clinic, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy

2. NIET, National Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110007, India

3. University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India

Abstract

Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults up to an extent of 78% of all primary malignant brain tumors. However, total surgical resection is almost unachievable due to the considerable infiltrative ability of glial cells. The efficacy of current multimodal therapeutic strategies is, furthermore, limited by the lack of specific therapies against malignant cells, and, therefore, the prognosis of these in patients is still very unfavorable. The limitations of conventional therapies, which may result from inefficient delivery of the therapeutic or contrast agent to brain tumors, are major reasons for this unsolved clinical problem. The major problem in brain drug delivery is the presence of the blood–brain barrier, which limits the delivery of many chemotherapeutic agents. Nanoparticles, thanks to their chemical configuration, are able to go through the blood–brain barrier carrying drugs or genes targeted against gliomas. Carbon nanomaterials show distinct properties including electronic properties, a penetrating capability on the cell membrane, high drug-loading and pH-dependent therapeutic unloading capacities, thermal properties, a large surface area, and easy modification with molecules, which render them as suitable candidates for deliver drugs. In this review, we will focus on the potential effectiveness of the use of carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of malignant gliomas and discuss the current progress of in vitro and in vivo researches of carbon nanomaterials-based drug delivery to brain.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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