Adjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Stage II Melanoma: Current Paradigms in Management and Future Directions

Author:

Vargas Gracia Maria1ORCID,Farooq Mohammad Saad1,Karakousis Giorgos C.1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

Abstract

Melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the United States and accounts for the majority of all skin cancer-related deaths, making it the most lethal cutaneous malignancy. Systemic adjuvant therapy for stage IIB-IV melanoma is now approved for patients who have undergone surgical resection, given the appreciable risk of recurrence and mortality in this patient population. Despite the lower stage, high-risk stage II melanoma (stage IIB/IIC) can often exhibit an even more aggressive course when compared to stage IIIA/IIIB disease, thus justifying consideration of adjuvant therapy in these patients. In this review, we highlight the current standard of practice for the treatment of stage IIB/C melanoma, with a focus on adjuvant therapies supported by published landmark clinical trials, including anti-PD-1 therapy. Notably, adjuvant therapies approved thus far in this patient population have demonstrated an improvement in recurrence-free survival, while their impact on overall survival is pending. Finally, this review highlights currently ongoing trials and future directions for research and treatment possibilities for high-risk clinical stage II melanoma.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference91 articles.

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