Affiliation:
1. Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is associated with high mortality. The main reasons for treatment failure are a low rate of early diagnosis, high relapse rates, and distant metastasis with poor outcomes. These are largely due to a lack of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in HNSCC. DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, and recent studies have also valued DNA methylation as a potential biomarker in HNSCC. This review summarizes the current knowledge on DNA methylation profiles in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and how these may contribute to the pathogenesis of HNSCC. It also summarizes the potential value of DNA methylation as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the response to therapy. With the recent immunotherapy era in head and neck treatment, new strategies to improve immune responses by modulating TIMEs have been intensely investigated in early-phase trials. Therefore, this study additionally summarizes the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of TIMEs and potential predictive immunotherapy response biomarkers. Finally, this study reviews ongoing clinical trials using DNA methylation inhibitors in HNSCC.
Funder
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献