Perioperative Management of Patients with Diabetes and Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities
Author:
Shouman Mohamed123, Brabant Michelle4, Rehman Noor5, Ahmed Shahid12ORCID, Shahid Rabia K.3
Affiliation:
1. Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Regina, SK S4W 0G3, Canada 2. Department of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada 3. Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo 11796, Egypt 4. Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada 5. College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
Abstract
Background: Both diabetes and cancer are major global health issues that are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. There is a high prevalence of diabetes among cancer patients, many of whom require a surgical procedure. This review focuses on the operative complications in patients with diabetes and cancer, and the perioperative management of diabetes in cancer patients. Methodology: A literature search of articles in English—published between January 2010 and May 2024—was carried out using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search primarily focused on the operative complications in patients with diabetes and cancer, and perioperative management strategies. Results: The relationship between cancer and diabetes is complex; cancer patients have a high risk of developing diabetes, while diabetes is a risk factor for certain cancers. In addition, various cancer therapies can induce or worsen diabetes in susceptible patients. Many individuals with cancer and diabetes require surgery, and due to underlying diabetes, they may have elevated risks for operative complications. Optimal perioperative management for these patients includes managing perioperative glycemia and other comorbid illnesses, adjusting diabetic and cancer treatments, optimizing nutrition, minimizing the duration of fasting, supporting early mobilization, and providing patient education to enable self-management. Conclusions: While evidence is limited, optimal perioperative management for patients with both diabetes and cancer is necessary in order to reduce surgical complications. Future studies are needed to develop evidence-informed perioperative strategies and improve outcomes for these patients.
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