HLA-A01 and HLA-B27 Supertypes, but Not HLA Homozygocity, Correlate with Clinical Outcome among Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Pembrolizumab in Combination with Chemotherapy

Author:

Abed Afaf123ORCID,Reid Anna12ORCID,Law Ngie4ORCID,Millward Michael3,Gray Elin S.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia

2. School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia

3. School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

4. Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia

Abstract

Introduction: Maximal heterozygosity on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci has been found to be associated with improved survival and development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) among NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the effect of germline HLA-I/-II on clinical outcomes among NSCLC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy. Method: We prospectively recruited patients with NSCLC who were commencing first-line pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy. DNA from white blood cells was used for high-resolution HLA-I/II typing. Results: Of the 65 patients recruited, 53 complied with the inclusion criteria. We did not find an association between HLA-I/-II homozygosity and clinical outcome among the studied population. However, the presence of HLA-A01 was associated with unfavourable PFS (HR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.13–4.77, p = 0.022) and worsening OS (HR = 2.86, 95%CI 1.06–7.70, p = 0.038). The presence of HLA-B27 was associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.18–0.71, p = 0.004) and trends toward improving OS. None of the HLA-I supertypes were associated with the development or worsening of irAEs. Conclusions: The absence of association between genomic HLA-I/-II homozygosity and clinical outcome among patients with advanced NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy might reflect a diminished role for HLA molecules among patients with low or no PD-L1. HLA-A01 and HLA-B27 might have a role in predicting clinical outcomes among this cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to explore biomarkers for this group of patients.

Funder

Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia

Centre for Precision Health at ECU

International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Foundation

Cancer Council of Western Australia

Publisher

MDPI AG

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