State of the Art MR Imaging for Lung Cancer TNM Stage Evaluation

Author:

Ohno Yoshiharu12ORCID,Ozawa Yoshiyuki1,Koyama Hisanobu3,Yoshikawa Takeshi14ORCID,Takenaka Daisuke14,Nagata Hiroyuki2,Ueda Takahiro1,Ikeda Hirotaka1,Toyama Hiroshi1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan

2. Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan

3. Department of Radiology, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka 543-0035, Japan

4. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi 673-0021, Japan

Abstract

Since the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group (RDOG) report had been published in 1991, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging had limited clinical availability for thoracic malignancy, as well as pulmonary diseases. However, technical advancements in MR systems, such as sequence and reconstruction methods, and adjustments in the clinical protocol for gadolinium contrast media administration have provided fruitful results and validated the utility of MR imaging (MRI) for lung cancer evaluations. These techniques include: (1) contrast-enhanced MR angiography for T-factor evaluation, (2) short-time inversion recovery turbo spin-echo sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for N-factor assessment, and (3) whole-body MRI with and without DWI and with positron emission tomography fused with MRI for M-factor or TNM stage evaluation as well as for postoperative recurrence assessment of lung cancer or other thoracic tumors using 1.5 tesla (T) or 3T systems. According to these fruitful results, the Fleischner Society has changed its position to approve of MRI for lung or thoracic diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze recent advances in lung MRI with a particular focus on lung cancer evaluation, clinical staging, and recurrence assessment evaluation.

Funder

Canon Medical Systems Corporation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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