Proton Therapy in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author:

Kobeissi Jana M.ORCID,Hilal LaraORCID,Simone Charles B.ORCID,Lin Haibo,Crane Christopher H.,Hajj Carla

Abstract

Proton radiation therapy plays a central role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the near-zero exit dose and improved sparing of normal liver parenchyma, protons are being used even in challenging scenarios, including larger or multifocal liver tumors, and those associated with vascular tumor thrombus. There is a mounting level of evidence that suggests that protons are superior to photons in terms of survival and toxicity outcomes, specifically the progression to liver failure. A randomized controlled trial comparing protons to photons is currently underway to verify this hypothesis.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

Reference95 articles.

1. Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2. Hepatocellular carcinoma

3. Hepatobiliary Cancers https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/hepatobiliary.pdf

4. Proton therapy – Present and future

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