Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy as a Curative Treatment for De Novo Mucosal Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Feasible Alternative Option for Fragile Patients with Small Lesion: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is characterized by a high dose per fraction, well-defined small targets, superior dose conformity, and a steep off-target dose gradient. A literature search was conducted to examine the experience with SBRT as a curative treatment for newly diagnosed mucosal carcinoma of the head and neck (MCHN). Four retrospective case series and one prospective phase I clinical trial published between 2012 and 2020 described 124 patients. SBRT was mainly performed in older patients with different tumor sites. The median size of the planning target volumes ranged from 5.3 to 41 cm3. Different approaches were used to create margins. In two studies, limited elective nodal irradiation was performed. The equivalent doses used were 60–83.33 Gy delivered in five fractions. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the radiation dose specification. The incidence of grade ≥3 late toxicity was 0–8.3%, with local and regional control ranging from 73% to 100%. Improved or stable quality of life after SBRT was reported in two studies. Curative-intent SBRT for de novo MCHN appears to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for small tumor targets, preferably without concomitant elective tissue irradiation. Standardization of SBRT practice and well-designed prospective clinical trials are needed to better define the role of SBRT in this setting.