Disparities in Overall Survival Rates for Cancers across Income Levels in the Republic of Korea

Author:

Jeong Su-Min12,Jung Kyu-Won3ORCID,Park Juwon3ORCID,Lee Hyeon Ji3,Shin Dong Wook456ORCID,Suh Mina3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea

3. National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea

5. Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea

6. Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Background: The overall survival rates among cancer patients have been improving. However, the increase in survival is not uniform across socioeconomic status. Thus, we investigated income disparities in the 5-year survival rate (5YSR) in cancer patients and the temporal trends. Methods: This study used a national cancer cohort from 2002 to 2018 that was established by linking the Korea Central Cancer Registry and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claim database to calculate the cancer survival rate by income level in the Republic of Korea. Survival data were available from 2002 onward, and the analysis was based on the actuarial method. We compared the survival of the earliest available 5-year period of 2002–2006 and the latest available 5-year period of 2014–2018, observing until 31 December 2021. Income level was classified into six categories: Medical Aid beneficiaries and five NHIS subtypes according to insurance premium. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality were used to measure absolute and relative differences in 5YSR by income, respectively. Results: The 5YSR between the 2002–2006 and 2014–2018 periods for all cancers improved. A significant improvement in 5-year survival rates (5YSR) over the study period was observed in lung, liver, and stomach cancer. The SII of survival rates for lung (17.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.0–28.1), liver (15.1, 95% CI 10.9–19.2), stomach (13.9, 95% CI 3.2–24.7), colorectal (11.4, 95% CI 0.9–22.0), and prostate (10.7, 95% CI 2.5–18.8) cancer was significantly higher, implying higher survival rates as income levels increased. The SII for lung, liver, and stomach cancer increased, while that of thyroid, breast, cervical, prostate, and colorectal cancer decreased over the study period. Conclusions: Although substantial improvement in the 5YSR was observed across cancer types and income levels from 2002 to 2018, this increase was not uniformly distributed across income levels. Our study revealed persistent income disparities in the survival of cancer patients, particularly for lung and liver cancer.

Funder

National Cancer Center of Korea

Publisher

MDPI AG

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