Onion (Allium cepa L.) Skin Waste Valorization: Unveiling the Phenolic Profile and Biological Potential for the Creation of Bioactive Agents through Subcritical Water Extraction
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Published:2024-02-05
Issue:2
Volume:13
Page:205
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ISSN:2076-3921
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Container-title:Antioxidants
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Antioxidants
Author:
Trigueros Esther12ORCID, Benito-Román Óscar2ORCID, Oliveira Andreia P.1ORCID, Videira Romeu A.1ORCID, Andrade Paula B.1ORCID, Sanz María Teresa2ORCID, Beltrán Sagrario2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050–313 Porto, Portugal 2. Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
Abstract
Onion skin waste (OSW), the primary non-edible byproduct from onion processing, offers a renewable source of bioactive compounds. This study aims to valorize OSW through subcritical water extraction (SWE), aligning with a circular economy and biorefinery principles. SWE was carried out at 145 °C and 50 bar for 50 min in a discontinuous reactor, producing a phenolic-rich extract (32.3 ± 2.6 mg/g) dominated by protocatechuic acid (20.3 ± 2.5 mg/g), quercetin-4′-O-glucoside (7.5 ± 0.2 mg/g), and quercetin (3.2 ± 0.6 mg/g). Additionally, the extract contains sugars (207.1 ± 20.3 mg sucrose-Eq/g), proteins (22.8 ± 1.6 mg BSA-Eq/g), and free amino acids (20.4 ± 1.2 mg arginine-Eq/g). Its phenolic richness determines its scavenging activity against ●NO and O2●− radicals and its α-glucosidase and aldose-reductase inhibition without affecting α-amylase. Notably, the extract demonstrates significant α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 75.6 ± 43.5 µg/mL), surpassing acarbose (IC50 = 129.5 ± 1.0 µg/mL) in both pure enzyme and cell culture tests without showing cytotoxicity to AGS, HepG2, and Caco-2 human cell lines. The extract’s bioactivity and nutritional content make it suitable for developing antioxidant and antidiabetic nutraceutical/food components, highlighting SWE’s potential for OSW valorization without using organic solvents.
Funder
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Subject
Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Physiology
Reference43 articles.
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