1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Univ. of Anbar, Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq (corresponding author).
2. Center for Engineering Sustainability, School of Engineering, Univ. of Liverpool, The Quadrangle, Liverpool L69 3GQ, U.K.
3. Center for Materials and Structures, School of Engineering, Univ. of Liverpool, George Holt Building, The Quadrangle, Liverpool L69 3GH, U.K.