1. The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
2. The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo , Toyo , Japan
3. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University , Kanagawa , Japan
4. Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
5. Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University , Kanagawa , Japan
6. Department of Cardiology, New Tokyo Hospital , Matsudo , Japan
7. The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
8. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara , Japan
9. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University , Saga , Japan
10. The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
11. International University of Health and Welfare , Tokyo , Japan