Improved medication adherence with smart applications and medication dispensers - a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Medication adherence has a crucial part in ensuring treatment effectiveness. With polypharmacy, medication regimen may be complicated to follow. Smart devices and applications may be useful for geriatric patients, especially in case of cognitive dysfunction. The aim of this narrative literature review is to briefly evaluate the main principles of the use of medication dispensers and smart applications to support medication adherence. Methods: Literature review of peer-reviewed studies in adults (i.e. 18 years or older) and of the period 2012-2021 were selected to collect information about smart medication dispensers and smart applications to monitor medication adherence. The PubMed and Scopus databases were used for review. Results: Digital solutions were found useful for elderly patients, who have multiple medications in their treatment schemes. Younger patients could benefit more from mobile apps, as these tend to be easy to use and operate. Conclusions: Different digital solutions can successfully be used in different age groups to enhance medication adherence. Target group must be set beforehand the development. Further improvements are needed to use the full potential of data produced by devices for monitoring and supporting patients´ medication use.