The status of education for integrative medicine in Japanese medical universities with special reference to Kampo medicines

Author:

Chung Hui‐Yu1ORCID,Yuasa Motoki2,Chen Fu‐Shih12ORCID,Yukawa Keiko3,Motoo Yoshiharu4ORCID,Arai Ichiro12

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama Japan

2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama Japan

3. Department of Health Policy and Technology Assessment National Institute of Public Health Saitama Japan

4. Department of Medical Oncology Komatsu Sophia Hospital Ishikawa Japan

Abstract

AbstractAimThe Japanese government defined integrative/integrated medicine (IM) as “medical practice led by physicians, cooperating with other specialists.” Therefore, the basics of comprehensive medical education should be provided in medical universities. We investigated the situation of IM with special reference to Kampo medicines in the national core curricula, national examination standards and the syllabuses for lectures published on the universities' websites.MethodsIn the published documents regarding the core curriculum, national examination standards and syllabuses in the academic year 2018, we analyzed whether they include IM.ResultsFour kinds of universities offered “Kampo medicine” (Japanese traditional herbal medicine) as their core curriculum. Pharmaceutical universities included “health food”, and nursing universities included “alternative medicine”. National examination standards for dentists and pharmacists included Kampo medicine, but those for doctors and nurses did not. In the syllabuses of medical universities, 85% included Kampo medicine, but the percentage for IMs was low. The situation was similar in dental universities. All pharmaceutical universities included Kampo medicines and health foods; other IMs were low. The number for all IMs in nursing universities was lower than half.ConclusionBased on the definition of IM in this paper, we investigated the actual situation of IM education including Kampo in all universities. There were considerable differences between all the faculties. For medical doctor, the Kampo medicines listed in the model core curriculum that are not included in the national examination standard should be rectified. For pharmacists, it is important to deepen the educational contents in this field.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Environmental Engineering

Reference22 articles.

1. Policy speech by prime minister Yukio Hatoyama at the 174th session of the diet. Prime minister of Japan and his cabinet website.https://japan.kantei.go.jp/hatoyama/statement/201001/29siseihousin_e.html#top; Published 2010. Accessed Aug 24 2022

2. Investigative Committee on the Direction of Integrative Medicine.Investigative committee on "Integrated Medicine”: Arrangement of discussions so far. Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Website.https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi/2r9852000002vsubatt/2r9852000002vsy2. pdf. Published 2013. Accessed Aug 24 2022. (In Japanese)

3. Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Japanese Perspective

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