Synergistic Enhancement Mechanisms of Lithium‐Ion Storage in Black Phosphorus@Ti3C2Tx (BP@Ti3C2Tx) Composite Thin‐Film Electrodes

Abstract

AbstractA binder‐free BP@Ti3C2Tx composite thin‐film electrode was fabricated via a one‐step vacuum filtration method, enabling precise control over morphology and scalability. The Ti3C2Tx MXene framework constructs a 3D conductive network that enhances charge transfer kinetics and mechanically confines black phosphorus (BP) particles through robust Ti─O─P bonding, effectively suppressing BP's volume expansion during cycling. Structural characterization (XRD, SEM, EDS, etc.) confirms the homogeneous “Mosaic” architecture, with BP particles uniformly embedded in the MXene matrix. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further reveals enhanced Ti─C bonding and significant Ti‐O‐P interfacial interactions. Electrochemical evaluation demonstrates exceptional performance: the composite electrode achieves a discharge capacity of 685.92 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles, near‐100% Coulombic efficiency, and remarkable capacity recovery (783.21 mAh/g) after high‐rate cycling (1.5 A/g). Kinetic analysis via cyclic voltammetry further indicates a reduced polarization (ΔV = 0.06 V) and enhanced capacitive contribution (b‐value = 0.663–0.799), attributed to MXene's dual role in facilitating ion diffusion and electron transport. This work provides a scalable, binder‐free electrode design strategy, offering fundamental insights into MXene‐phosphorus synergism for next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries.