The Relationship Between Aldose Reductase and Isoxazole Derivatives: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach to Its Correlation With Diabetic Conditions

Abstract

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus (DM), which can result in a number of problems such as cataracts, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and several cardiovascular illnesses, continues to be a growing issue despite major advancements in treatment approaches. Numerous scientists have targeted the polyol pathway as a target for intervention since it includes aldose reductase (ALR2, AR (E.C.1.1.1.21)), a crucial enzyme. Oxidative damage, NADPH depletion, and intracellular sorbitol buildup result from the overactivation of ALR2 brought on by hyperglycemia. Interest in creating novel ALR2 inhibitors (ALR2Is) with enhanced therapeutic characteristics has increased as a result of this circumstance. The amazing biological capabilities of isoxazole molecules led us to look into the biological properties of isoxazole and related compounds. We examined these isoxazoles' binding affinities and interactions in the ALR2 active site using thorough in vitro and in silico techniques. In comparison to the reference pharmaceutical epalrestat (EPR, KI 232.70 ± 15.51 nM), our results demonstrate that these isoxazoles efficiently inhibit ALR2 at nanomolar doses, with inhibition constants (KI) ranging from 12.13 ± 1.24 nM to 89.51 ± 4.68 nM. Important interactions between these isoxazoles and ALR2 are highlighted by the combined in vitro and in silico studies, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents against a range of pathological diseases. Furthermore, these substances that have ALR2 inhibitory properties could be useful as stand‐in treatments or preventative measures for diabetes problems.