In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of 3D Printed Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethacrylate‐Based Photocurable Hydrogel Platform for Bone Tissue Engineering

Author:

Unagolla Janitha M.1,Gaihre Bipin1,Jayasuriya Ambalangodage C.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biomedical Engineering Program Colleges of Engineering and Medicine University of Toledo Toledo OH 43606 USA

2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery College of Medicine and Life Sciences 3000 Arlington Avenue University of Toledo Toledo OH 43614 USA

Abstract

AbstractThis study focuses to develop a unique hybrid hydrogel bioink formulation that incorporates poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), gelatin (Gel), and methylcellulose (MC). This formulation achieves the necessary viscosity for extrusion‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing of scaffolds intended for bone regeneration. After thorough optimization of the hybrid bioink system with Gel, three distinct scaffold groups are investigated in vitro: 0%, 3%, and 6% (w/v) Gel. These scaffold groups are examined for their morphology, mechanical strength, biodegradation, in vitro cell proliferation and differentiation, and in vivo bone formation using a rat cranial defect model. Among these scaffold compositions, the 3% Gel scaffold exhibits the most favorable characteristics, prompting further evaluation as a rat mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) carrier in a critical‐size cranial defect within a Lewis rat model. The compressive strength of all three scaffold groups range between 1 and 2 MPa. Notably, the inclusion of Gel in the scaffolds leads to enhanced bioactivity and cell adhesion. The Gel‐containing scaffolds notably amplify osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Western blot analyses. The in vivo results, as depicted by microcomputed tomography, showcase augmented osteogenesis within cell‐seeded scaffolds, thus validating this innovative PEGDMA‐based scaffold system as a promising candidate for cranial bone defect healing.

Funder

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Materials Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,Biomaterials,Bioengineering,Biotechnology

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