1. CBS News Soaring opioid drug deaths cause U.S. life expectancy to drop for 2nd year https://www.cbsnews.com/news/opioid-fentanyl-overdose-deaths-us-life-expectancy-drops-for-second-year/
2. US Department of Health and Human Services Addressing prescription drug abuse in the United States: current activities and future opportunities https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/hhs_prescription_drug_abuse_report_09.2013.pdf
3. Characteristics of initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use-United States, 2006-2015;Shah;MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,2017
4. Gounder C Who is responsible for the pain-pill epidemic? https://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/who-is-responsible-for-the-pain-pill-epidemic
5. American Society of Addiction Medicine Opioid addiction 2016 facts & figures https://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/advocacy/opioid-addiction-disease-facts-figures.pdf/