Exogenous brassinolide treatment regulates phenolic accumulation in mung bean sprouts through the modulation of sugar and energy metabolism

Abstract

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of exogenous brassinolide (BR) treatment (3.0 μmol L−1) on phenolic biosynthesis in mung bean sprouts were investigated. This investigation included the analysis of sugar content, substrates within the phenylpropane pathway, energy substances, enzymatic activity within the phenylpropane pathway, sugar metabolism and energy metabolism.RESULTSResults showed that BR treatment significantly increased the levels of total phenolics, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, p‐coumaric acid, gallic acid, fumalic acid and caffeic acid. This enhancement was accomplished through the elevation of l‐phenylalanine levels and the activation of enzymes associated with the phenylpropane pathway in mung bean sprouts, including phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase and 4‐coumarate CoA ligase. Furthermore, BR treatment induced alterations in sugar metabolism in mung bean sprouts as evidenced by the increased levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose and phosphoenolpyruvate. Moreover, increased activity was observed for enzymes linked to sucrose metabolism and glycolysis in the BR‐treated group. Concurrently, BR treatment bolstered the levels of adenosine triphosphate and energy charge in mung bean sprouts, which was attributed to the activation of H+‐adenosine triphosphatase, Ca2+‐adenosine triphosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that BR treatment can accelerate the accumulation of phenolic compounds in mung bean sprouts. This effect is achieved not only through the activation of the phenylpropane pathway, but also through the modulation of sugar and energy metabolism. The modulation provides ample energy and a substrate for the biosynthesis of phenolics. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.