Dynamic responses and damage/element composition analysis of thermoplastic polyamide reinforced epoxy composites exposed to HCI environment

Abstract

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine how the corrosive environment affected the low‐velocity impact (LVI) characteristics and damage mechanisms of thermoplastic polyamide fiber‐reinforced polymer (PFRP) composites. In this regard, composite specimens were subjected to corrosive environment containing 10 wt.% diluted HCl for one week and one month before LVI tests. To investigate the hostile effects of the corrosive environment on the composites, scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray system (EDX) analyses were carried out, and thus variations in the elemental composition and damage mechanisms for the composites were determined. According to the examinations, it was discovered that the degradation in LVI responses, such as contact stiffness, bending stiffness, and peak force, increased with longer aging time, as expected. Furthermore, when the aging effect was assessed based on absorbed energy, the specimens exposed to a corrosive environment for one month exhibited the highest energy absorption compared to the control and 1‐week‐immersed ones. The degrading effect of the HCI environment appeared as higher damage severity on the composites, which was also detected from the SEM images. According to the SEM analyses, matrix cracks, corrosion pits, and local surface imperfections caused by ion exchange are detected in 1‐week‐immersed specimens, while more serious damage mechanisms such as fiber breakage and fiber pull‐out are noted in specimens exposed to corrosive environment for 1 month. Furthermore, approximately 6.33 wt.% CI was identified in the composites after 1 month of aging, which was associated with the hydrolysis triggered by rise in the composite's damage severity.Highlights Aging effects in mechanical properties of PFRP composites were investigated LVI tests were conducted to determine dynamic responses of aged composites Longer aging time led to more severe damages such fiber rupture, delamination etc. PFRP composites absorbed at least 68% of impact energy.