Does an apple a day keep away diseases? Evidence and mechanism of action

Author:

Zhang Yue1ORCID,Zeng Miao1,Zhang Xiaolu1,Yu Qun1,Zeng Wenyun2,Yu Bin3,Gan Jiali1,Zhang Shiwu12,Jiang Xijuan1

Affiliation:

1. School of Integrative Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin China

2. Department of Pathology Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin China

3. School of International Education Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine Tianjin China

Abstract

AbstractApples and their products exemplify the recently reemphasized link between dietary fruit intake and the alleviation of human disease. Their consumption does indeed improve human health due to their high phytochemical content. To identify potentially relevant articles from clinical trials, some epidemiological studies and meta‐analyses, and in vitro and in vivo studies (cell cultures and animal models), PubMed was searched from January 1, 2012, to May 15, 2022. This review summarized the potential effects of apple and apple products (juices, puree, pomace, dried apples, extracts rich in apple bioactives and single apple bioactives) on health. Apples and apple products have protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, as well as mild cognitive impairment and promote hair growth, healing of burn wounds, improve the oral environment, prevent niacin‐induced skin flushing, promote the relief of UV‐induced skin pigmentation, and improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis as well as cedar hay fever among others. These effects are associated with various mechanisms, such as vascular endothelial protection, blood lipids lowering, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti‐invasion, and antimetastatic effects. Meanwhile, it has provided an important reference for the application and development of medicine, nutrition, and other fields.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Food Science

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