Effects of floral resources on honey bee populations in Mexico: Using dietary metabarcoding to examine landscape quality in agroecosystems

Author:

Balvino‐Olvera Francisco J.12ORCID,Olivares‐Pinto Ulises3ORCID,González‐Rodríguez Antonio4ORCID,Aguilar‐Aguilar María J.1ORCID,Ruiz‐Guzmán Gloria1ORCID,Lobo‐Segura Jorge56ORCID,Cortés‐Flores Jorge17ORCID,Cristobal‐Perez E. Jacob16,Martén‐Rodríguez Silvana1ORCID,Patiño‐Conde Violeta1ORCID,Quesada Mauricio146ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Morelia Michoacán Mexico

2. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados Ciudad Universitaria CDMX Mexico

3. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Juriquilla Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Juriquilla Querétaro Mexico

4. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán Mexico

5. Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro Costa Rica

6. Laboratorio Binacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro Costa Rica

7. Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Sede Tlaxcala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Santa Cruz Tlaxcala Mexico

Abstract

AbstractThe decline of honey bee populations significantly impacts the human food supply due to poor pollination and yield decreases of essential crop species. Given the reduction of pollinators, research into critical landscape components, such as floral resource availability and land use change, might provide valuable information about the nutritional status and health of honey bee colonies. To address this issue, we examine the effects of landscape factors like agricultural area, urban area, and climatic factors, including maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation, on honey bee hive populations and nutritional health of 326 honey bee colonies across varying landscapes in Mexico. DNA metabarcoding facilitated the precise identification of pollen from 267 plant species, encompassing 243 genera and 80 families, revealing a primary herb‐based diet. Areas characterized by high landscape diversity exhibited greater pollen diversity within the colony. Conversely, colonies situated in regions with higher proportions of agricultural and urban landscapes demonstrated lower bee density. The maximum ambient temperature outside hives positively correlated with pollen diversity, aligning with a simultaneous decrease in bee density. Conversely, higher relative humidity positively influenced both the bee density of the colony and the diversity of foraged pollen. Our national‐level study investigated pollen dietary availability and colony size in different habitat types, latitudes, climatic conditions, and varied levels and types of disturbances. This effort was taken to gain a better insight into the mechanisms driving declines in honey bee populations. This study illustrates the need for more biodiverse agricultural landscapes, the preservation of diverse habitats, and the conservation of natural and semi‐natural spaces. These measures can help to improve the habitat quality of other bee species, as well as restore essential ecosystem processes, such as pollination and pest control.

Funder

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Publisher

Wiley

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