Neurotrophic Factor-α1: A Key Wnt-β-Catenin Dependent Anti-Proliferation Factor and ERK-Sox9 Activated Inducer of Embryonic Neural Stem Cell Differentiation to Astrocytes in Neurodevelopment

Author:

Selvaraj Prabhuanand1,Xiao Lan1,Lee Cheol2,Murthy Saravana R. K.1,Cawley Niamh X.1,Lane Malcolm3,Merchenthaler Istvan3,Ahn Sohyun2,Loh Y. Peng1

Affiliation:

1. a Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

2. b Unit on Developmental Neurogenetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

3. c Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Abstract

Abstract Embryonic neurodevelopment involves inhibition of proliferation of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) followed by differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes to form the brain. We have identified a new neurotrophic factor, NF-α1, which inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of NSC/progenitors derived from E13.5 mouse cortex. Inhibition of proliferation of these cells was mediated through negatively regulating the Wnt pathway and decreasing β-catenin. NF-α1 induced differentiation of NSCs to astrocytes by enhancing Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) expression through activating the ERK1/2-Sox9 signaling pathway. Cultured E13.5 cortical stem cells from NF-α1-knockout mice showed decreased astrocyte numbers compared to wild-type mice, which was rescued by treatment with NF-α1. In vivo, immunocytochemistry of brain sections and Western blot analysis of neocortex of mice showed a gradual increase of NF-α1 expression from E14.5 to P1 and a surge of GFAP expression at P1, the time of increase in astrogenesis. Importantly, NF-α1-Knockout mice showed ∼49% fewer GFAP positive astrocytes in the neocortex compared to WT mice at P1. Thus, NF-α1 is critical for regulating antiproliferation and cell fate determination, through differentiating embryonic stem cells to GFAP-positive astrocytes for normal neurodevelopment.

Funder

Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

National Institutes of Health, USA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cell Biology,Developmental Biology,Molecular Medicine

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