Changes in physical properties of universal composites and CAD/CAM materials after bleaching and antioxidant applications: Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope evaluation

Abstract

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of vital bleaching agents and the subsequent application of ascorbic acid (AA) to universal composites and resin‐based CAD/CAM blocks on the physical properties of materials. In the study; G‐enial A'chord (GCA), Filtek Ultimate (FU), Clearfil Majesty (CM) composites, and LAVA Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (GCC) CAD/CAM blocks were used. The materials were divided into two subgroups based on the applied bleaching type (n = 30/group): office bleaching (OB) and home bleaching (HB). After bleaching, AA was applied to the samples. Surface roughness, microhardness, and color change values of all samples were measured at three stages: initial (I), post‐bleaching (B), and post‐bleaching+AA application (BA). Statistical analysis was performed using 3‐way Mixed ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (p < .05). The BA of the HB group of CM; the B of the HB group of LU; the B roughness values of both the OB and HB groups of GCC were significantly lower than I. The microhardness values of all the materials examined decreased significantly after both bleaching (p < .05). With regard to the AA application, it significantly decreased Ra values in the HB group of CM. In addition, it significantly increased the microhardness values in the HB groups of CM and GCC. Also, the ΔE001 and ΔE002 values for the FU and GCC HB groups were significantly higher than in the OB groups (p < .05). Bleaching and AA application affected the physical properties of the materials. The physical properties of the materials either remained unchanged or improved with the application of AA after bleaching.Research Highlights This article presents in vitro results of a new approach that has not been studied before. Ascorbic acid, used to increase the bond strength between the material‐tooth after bleaching, was used to eliminate the adverse effects of bleaching on the physical properties of aesthetic restorative materials. Additionally, the effects of all procedures on the materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result of the study, it was concluded that the application of ascorbic acid after bleaching improved the physical properties of some of the materials.