Hsp70‐Targeting and Size‐Tunable Nanoparticles Combine with PD‐1 Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Glioma

Abstract

AbstractInvasive glioma usually disrupts the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), making the delivery of nanodrugs across the BBB possible, but sufficient targeting ability is still avidly needed to improve drug accumulation in glioma. Membrane‐bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is expressed on the membrane of glioma cells rather than adjacent normal cells, therefore it can serve as a specific glioma target. Meanwhile, prolonging the retention in tumors is important for active‐targeting nanoparticles to overcome receptor‐binding barriers. Herein, the Hsp70‐targeting and acid‐triggered self‐assembled gold nanoparticles (D‐A‐DA/TPP) are proposed to realize selective delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to glioma. In the weakly acidic glioma matrix, D‐A‐DA/TPP formed aggregates to prolong retention, improve receptor‐binding efficiency and facilitate acid‐responsive DOX release. DOX accumulation in glioma induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote antigen presentation. Meanwhile, combination with the PD‐1 checkpoint blockade further activate T cells and provokes robust anti‐tumor immunity. The results showed that D‐A‐DA/TPP can induce more glioma apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies indicated D‐A‐DA/TPP plus PD‐1 checkpoint blockade significantly improved median survival time. This study offeres a potential nanocarrier combining size‐tunable strategy with active targeting ability to increase drug enrichment in glioma and synergizes with PD‐1 checkpoint blockade to achieve chemo‐immunotherapy.