Prostate and gut: Any relationship? A narrative review on the available evidence and putative mechanisms

Author:

Romano Lorenzo12,Napolitano Luigi1,Crocetto Felice1,Sciorio Carmine3,Sio Marco De2,Miranda Agnese4,Romano Marco4,Priadko Kateryna4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology and Urology Unit Federico II University Naples Italy

2. Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Urology University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Naples Italy

3. Urology Unit, A. Manzoni General Hospital Lecco Italy

4. Department of Precision Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Unit University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiome is a community of microorganisms that lives in the human intestine and exerts various functions on the host, including metabolic, immunoregulatory, and control over cell proliferation. Gut microbiome alterations have been associated with various pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Gut‐prostate axis is explained by the association between gut microbiome quantitative and functional alterations along with increased intestinal epithelial permeability with prostatediseases. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical importance of this association are not completely clarified yet.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the most relevant articles in the Medline (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters, Toronto, ON, Canada) databases. No chronological restrictions were applied, and the most related papers published until December 2023 were included.ResultsGut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites are capable of modifying host androgen level, as well as prostate cancer (PCa) therapy response. Moreover, patients with inflammatory bowel disease have higher rates of prostatitis‐like symptoms and a potential risk of developing PCa.ConclusionsThere is evidence that interventions on the GM and its metabolites have a high potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for prostate diseases, including PCa.

Publisher

Wiley

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