Affiliation:
1. Human and Experimental Biology Graduate Program, IBRAG Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
2. Urology Teaching Assistance Unit (UDA), FCM, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE) and the Piquet Carneiro University Polyclinic (PPC) Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
3. Anatomopathological Service Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE), FCM Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
4. Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility Technological Core (Tixus) Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
5. Laboratory of DNA Diagnostic, IBRAG Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Abstract
AbstractPurposeProstate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of death among men in 48 countries. Genetic alterations play a significant role in PCa carcinogenesis. For the hypothesis of this research, five unique polymorphisms (SNP) were investigated in different genes that showed to be associated in different ways with PCa: rs4430796, rs2735839, rs4792311, rs12329760, and rs28931588, respectively for the genes HNF1B, KLK3, ELAC2, TMPRSS2‐ERG, and CTNNB1.Patients and MethodsBlood samples from 426 subjects were evaluated: 290 controls (161 females and 129 males) and 136 PCa patients. SNP were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. In the control samples, the SNPs were defined in association with the self‐reported ethnicity, and in 218 control samples with markers with ancestry indicators. The genes were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. One hundred and seventy control samples were matched by ethnicity for comparison with the PCa samples.ResultsThe G allele at rs28931588 was monomorphic in both patients and controls studied. Significant differences were observed in allelic and genotypic frequencies between the control and Pca samples in rs2735839 (KLK3; p = 0.002 and χ2 = 8.73 and p = 0.01, respectively), by the global frequency and in the dominant model rs2735839_GG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, p = 0.02). AA and GA genotypes at rs4792311 (ELAC2) were more frequent in patients with Gleason 7(4 + 3), 8, and 9 (n = 37%–59.7%) compared to patients with Gleason 6 and 7(3 + 4) (n = 26%–40.0%) conferring a protective effect on the GG genotype (OR = 0.45, p = 0.02). The same genotype showed an OR = 2.71 (p = 0.01) for patients with low severity. The HNF1B–KLK3–ELAC2–TMPRSS2‐ERG haplotypes: GAAT, AAAT, GAGT, and AAGT were more frequent in patients with Pca with OR ranging from 4.65 to 2.48.ConclusionsHigher frequencies of risk alleles were confirmed in the SNPs, KLK3 rs2735839_A, ELAC2 rs4792311_A, and TMPRSS2 rs12329760_T in patients with Pca. Rs2735839_A was associated with risk of Pca and rs4792311_A with severity and Gleason score of 7(4 + 3) or greater. There is a need for careful observation of rs2735839 and rs4792311 in association with the prostatic biopsy due to the increased risk of Pca.