Affiliation:
1. College of Medicine University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
2. Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
3. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
4. Data & Statistics Department Emirates Health Services Dubai United Arab Emirates
5. Al Qassimi Hospital Sharjah United Arab Emirates
6. Shaikh Khalifa General Hospital Umm Al Quwain United Arab Emirates
7. Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy Sharjah United Arab Emirates
8. Oncology Unit University Hospital Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent disease worldwide. However, the incidence and patient‐specific risk factors of PCa in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates, have not been previously reported.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study on 2377 men diagnosed with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or PCa in the Northern and Eastern regions of the United Arab Emirates, excluding the Western part, which includes Abu Dhabi. The study spanned from January 2012 and December 2021. To calculate the PCa incidence rate, we utilized the world age‐standardized incidence rates (W‐ASIR) categorized by age groups. Patient‐specific risk factors of PCa were identified through a multivariate logistic regression analysis of clinical data.ResultsA total of 247 cases of PCa and 2130 cases of BPH were included in the study. In our cohort, the W‐ASIR for PCa was 21.3 per 100,000 men. The incidence of PCa showed an increasing trend with age, with the highest incidence observed among men aged 70 years and older. Accordingly, multivariate analysis revealed that age over 70 was associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR: 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.892−3.425, p < 0.01). On the other hand, preexisting conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were found to lower the risk of PCa (OR: 0.222, 95% CI: 0.163−0.302, p < 0.001) and (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.205−0.648, p < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, metformin intake was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (OR: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.190−0.782, p = 0.008); while insulin usage increased the risk of PCa (OR: 2.586, 95% CI: 1.539−4.344, p < 0.001). Anti‐BPH medications such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors (OR: 0.223, 95% CI: 0.069−0.723, p = 0.012) or 5‐α reductase (OR: 0.206, 95% CI: 0.110−0.389, p < 0.000), were found to lower the risk of PCa.ConclusionThe findings underscore the high incidence of PCa in the United Arab Emirates, with age being a significant factor. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of certain comorbidities and medications on the risk of developing PCa within the United Arab Emirates population.