Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road Bengaluru 560 029 Karnataka India
2. Department of Chemistry Ramaiah institute of technology MSRIT Post, M S Ramaiah Nagar Bengaluru 560054 Karnataka India
3. Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin university of science and technology Kochi 682022 India
Abstract
AbstractDeoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is found to be the most efficient pharmacological target of many synthetic molecules which are deemed as potential drugs with clinical applications. DNA binding agents are known to regulate several cell functions (gene expression and replication) by adopting various protocols which include the annihilation of the cell membrane, interruption in protein synthesis, and irreversible binding to cell receptors. Recently, several studies have explored fundamental aspects of drug‐DNA interactions, providing new insights into the driving forces that render the formation of the drug‐DNA complex. In order to study and understand these biologically important reaction mechanisms, several screening tools have been devised and the specificity of drug molecules binding to DNA were studied in detail. This review will discuss the utilization of various analytical tools which include UV‐vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, viscosity measurement, Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DNA fragmentation assay used for studying drug binding mode and the mechanism involved.