1. Acute abdomen: diagnosis;Heeren V.;Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract.,2004
2. Pachtinger G.(2013).Acute abdomen in dogs & cats: step‐by‐step approach to patient care.Today's Veterinary Practice(September/October):14–19.
3. Durkan S.(2008).Approach to the acute abdomen. DVM 360 [Internet].http://veterinarycalendar.dvm360.com/approach‐acute‐abdomen‐proceedings?id=&sk=&date=&pageID=2.
4. Emergency management of the acute abdomen in dogs and cats