Viscous Loading Regulates the Flagellar Energetics of Human and Bull Sperm

Author:

Yazdan Parast Farin1ORCID,Veeraragavan Shibani1,Gaikwad Avinash S.23,Powar Sushant1,Prabhakar Ranganathan1,O'Bryan Moira K.3,Nosrati Reza1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

2. Institute of Reproductive Genetics University of Münster 48149 Münster Germany

3. School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute Faculty of Science University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia

Abstract

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of the female reproductive tract influence sperm swimming behavior, but the exact role of these rheological changes in regulating sperm energetics remains unknown. Using high‐speed dark‐field microscopy, the flagellar dynamics of free‐swimming sperm across a physiologically relevant range of viscosities is resolved. A transition from 3D to 2D slither swimming under an increased viscous loading is revealed, in the absence of any geometrical or chemical stimuli. This transition is species‐specific, aligning with viscosity variations within each species’ reproductive tract. Despite substantial drag increase, 2D slithering sperm maintain a steady swimming speed across a wide viscosity range (20–250 and 75–1000 mPa s for bull and human sperm) by dissipating over sixfold more energy into the fluid without elevating metabolic activity, potentially by altering the mechanisms of dynein motor activity. This energy‐efficient motility mode is ideally suited for the viscous environment of the female reproductive tract.

Funder

Australian Research Council

National Health and Medical Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Materials Science,General Chemistry

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