Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies *

Author:

Cossarizza Andrea1,Chang Hyun‐Dong2,Radbruch Andreas2,Akdis Mübeccel3,Andrä Immanuel4,Annunziato Francesco5,Bacher Petra6,Barnaba Vincenzo78,Battistini Luca9,Bauer Wolfgang M.10,Baumgart Sabine2,Becher Burkhard11,Beisker Wolfgang12,Berek Claudia2,Blanco Alfonso13,Borsellino Giovanna9,Boulais Philip E.1415,Brinkman Ryan R.1617,Büscher Martin18,Busch Dirk H.41920,Bushnell Timothy P.21,Cao Xuetao222324,Cavani Andrea25,Chattopadhyay Pratip K.26,Cheng Qingyu27,Chow Sue28,Clerici Mario29,Cooke Anne30,Cosma Antonio31,Cosmi Lorenzo32,Cumano Ana33,Dang Van Duc2,Davies Derek34,Biasi Sara35,Del Zotto Genny36,Della Bella Silvia3738,Dellabona Paolo39,Deniz Günnur40,Dessing Mark41,Diefenbach Andreas6,Di Santo James42,Dieli Francesco43,Dolf Andreas44,Donnenberg Vera S.45,Dörner Thomas46,Ehrhardt Götz R. A.47,Endl Elmar48,Engel Pablo49,Engelhardt Britta50,Esser Charlotte51,Everts Bart52,Dreher Anita3,Falk Christine S.5354,Fehniger Todd A.55,Filby Andrew56,Fillatreau Simon575859,Follo Marie60,Förster Irmgard61,Foster John62,Foulds Gemma A.63,Frenette Paul S.1464,Galbraith David65,Garbi Natalio4466,García‐Godoy Maria Dolores67,Geginat Jens68,Ghoreschi Kamran69,Gibellini Lara35,Goettlinger Christoph70,Goodyear Carl S.71,Gori Andrea72,Grogan Jane73,Gross Mor74,Grützkau Andreas2,Grummitt Daryl62,Hahn Jonas75,Hammer Quirin2,Hauser Anja E.276,Haviland David L.77,Hedley David28,Herrera Guadalupe78,Herrmann Martin75,Hiepe Falk27,Holland Tristan66,Hombrink Pleun79,Houston Jessica P.80,Hoyer Bimba F.27,Huang Bo818283,Hunter Christopher A.84,Iannone Anna85,Jäck Hans‐Martin86,Jávega Beatriz87,Jonjic Stipan8889,Juelke Kerstin2,Jung Steffen74,Kaiser Toralf2,Kalina Tomas90,Keller Baerbel91,Khan Srijit47,Kienhöfer Deborah75,Kroneis Thomas92,Kunkel Désirée93,Kurts Christian44,Kvistborg Pia94,Lannigan Joanne95,Lantz Olivier969798,Larbi Anis99100101102,LeibundGut‐Landmann Salome103,Leipold Michael D.104,Levings Megan K.105,Litwin Virginia106,Liu Yanling47,Lohoff Michael107,Lombardi Giovanna108,Lopez Lilly109,Lovett‐Racke Amy110,Lubberts Erik111,Ludewig Burkhard112,Lugli Enrico113114,Maecker Holden T.104,Martrus Glòria115,Matarese Giuseppe116,Maueröder Christian75,McGrath Mairi2,McInnes Iain71,Mei Henrik E.2,Melchers Fritz117,Melzer Susanne118,Mielenz Dirk119,Mills Kingston120,Mirrer David3,Mjösberg Jenny121122,Moore Jonni123,Moran Barry120,Moretta Alessandro124125,Moretta Lorenzo126,Mosmann Tim R.127,Müller Susann128,Müller Werner129,Münz Christian11,Multhoff Gabriele130131,Munoz Luis Enrique75,Murphy Kenneth M.132133,Nakayama Toshinori134,Nasi Milena35,Neudörfl Christine53,Nolan John135,Nourshargh Sussan136,O'Connor José‐Enrique87,Ouyang Wenjun137,Oxenius Annette138,Palankar Raghav139,Panse Isabel140,Peterson Pärt141,Peth Christian18,Petriz Jordi67,Philips Daisy94,Pickl Winfried142,Piconese Silvia78,Pinti Marcello143,Pockley A. Graham63144,Podolska Malgorzata Justyna75,Pucillo Carlo145,Quataert Sally A.127,Radstake Timothy R. D. J.146,Rajwa Bartek147,Rebhahn Jonathan A.127,Recktenwald Diether148,Remmerswaal Ester B.M.149,Rezvani Katy150,Rico Laura G.67,Robinson J. Paul151,Romagnani Chiara2,Rubartelli Anna152,Ruckert Beate3,Ruland Jürgen153154155,Sakaguchi Shimon156157,Sala‐de‐Oyanguren Francisco87,Samstag Yvonne158,Sanderson Sharon159,Sawitzki Birgit160161,Scheffold Alexander26,Schiemann Matthias4,Schildberg Frank162,Schimisky Esther163,Schmid Stephan A164,Schmitt Steffen165,Schober Kilian4,Schüler Thomas166,Schulz Axel Ronald2,Schumacher Ton94,Scotta Cristiano108,Shankey T. Vincent167,Shemer Anat74,Simon Anna‐Katharina140,Spidlen Josef16,Stall Alan M.168,Stark Regina79,Stehle Christina2,Stein Merle119,Steinmetz Tobit119,Stockinger Hannes169,Takahama Yousuke170,Tarnok Attila171172,Tian ZhiGang173174,Toldi Gergely175,Tornack Julia117,Traggiai Elisabetta176,Trotter Joe168,Ulrich Henning177,der Braber Marlous94,Lier René A. W.79,Veldhoen Marc178,Vento‐Asturias Salvador66,Vieira Paulo179,Voehringer David180,Volk Hans‐Dieter181,Volkmann Konrad182,Waisman Ari183,Walker Rachael184,Ward Michael D.185,Warnatz Klaus91,Warth Sarah93,Watson James V.186,Watzl Carsten187,Wegener Leonie18,Wiedemann Annika46,Wienands Jürgen188,Willimsky Gerald189,Wing James156157,Wurst Peter44,Yu Liping190,Yue Alice191,Zhang Qianjun192,Zhao Yi193,Ziegler Susanne115,Zimmermann Jakob194

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy

2. Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany

3. Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland

4. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

5. University of Florence, Internal Medicine, Florence, Italy

6. Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

7. Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy

8. Istituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy

9. Neuroimmunology and Flow Cytometry Units, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy

10. Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

11. University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zürich, Switzerland

12. Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health

13. Flow Cytometry Core Technologies, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

14. Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

15. The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, New York, USA

16. Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada

17. Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

18. Biopyhsics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

19. DZIF ‐ National Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany

20. Focus Group ‘‘Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

21. Department of Pediatrics and Shared Resource Laboratories, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States of America

22. Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China

23. National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China

24. Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China

25. INMP/NIHMP, Rome, Italy

26. Immunotechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA

27. Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Medizinische Immunolologie Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

28. Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

29. University of Milano and Don C Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milano, Italy

30. Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

31. CEA ‐ Université Paris Sud ‐ INSERM U, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, France

32. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italia

33. Lymphopoiesis Unit, Immunology Department Pasteur Institute, Paris, France

34. Flow Cytometry Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom

35. Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

36. Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy

37. University of Milan, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine

38. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Lab of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

39. Experimental Immunology Unit, Head, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

40. Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey

41. Sony Europe Ltd, Weybridge, UK

42. Institut Pasteur, Immunology, Paris, France

43. University of Palermo, Department of Biopathology, Palermo, Italy

44. Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany

45. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA

46. Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany

47. Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

48. Department of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, (Core Facility Flow Cytometry) University of Bonn, Germany

49. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

50. Professor for Immunobiology, Director, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

51. IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany

52. Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands

53. Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB‐Tx, MHH Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

54. German Center for Infectious diseases (DZIF), TTU‐IICH, Hannover, Germany

55. Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO

56. The Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

57. Institut Necker‐Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U‐CNRS UMR, Paris, France

58. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France

59. Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France

60. Department of Medicine I, Medical Center ‐ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

61. Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

62. Owl Biomedical Inc., Santa Barbara, USA

63. John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK

64. Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

65. University of Arizona, Bio Institute, School of Plant Sciences and Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA

66. Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany

67. Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain

68. INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy

69. Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany

70. Institut fuer Genetik, Universitaet zu Koeln, Koeln, Germany

71. Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow

72. Clinic of Infectious Diseases, "San Gerardo” Hospital ‐ ASST Monza, University Milano‐Bicocca, Monza, Italy

73. Genentech, Department of Cancer Immunology, South San Francisco, California, USA

74. Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

75. Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen

76. Immundynamics, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

77. Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA

78. Cytometry Service, Incliva Foundation. Clinic Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain

79. Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

80. Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA

81. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

82. Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

83. Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

84. Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

85. Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinical and Public Health, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

86. Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Center of MolecularMedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

87. Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF‐UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain

88. Faculty of Medicine, Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

89. Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

90. Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic

91. Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

92. Medical University of Graz, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Graz, Austria

93. BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin

94. Division of immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam

95. University of Virginia School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Charlottesville, VA, USA

96. INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France

97. Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France

98. Centre d'investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave‐Roussy Institut Curie (CIC‐BT1428), Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France

99. Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Principal Investigator, Biology of Aging Program

100. Director Flow Cytomerty Platform, Immunomonitoring Platform, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore

101. Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada

102. Faculty of Sciences, ElManar University, Tunis, Tunisia

103. Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland

104. The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA

105. Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada

106. Covance, Hematology, Indianapolis, IN, USA

107. Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany

108. MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK

109. Beckman Coulter, Inc, Miami, FL, USA

110. Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

111. Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

112. Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

113. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

114. Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

115. Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich‐Pette‐Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany

116. Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy and Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS‐CNR), Napoli, Italy

117. Senior Group on Lymphocyte Development, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany

118. Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

119. Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus‐Fiebiger‐Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

120. Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

121. Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden

122. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden

123. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

124. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy

125. Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica—CEBR, Genova, Italy

126. Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy

127. David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

128. Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ, Department Environemntal Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany

129. Bill Ford Chair in Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

130. Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany

131. Institute for Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Experimental Immune Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany

132. Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

133. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

134. Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐ku, Chiba, 260–8670, Japan

135. The Scintillon Institute, Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, USA

136. Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

137. Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA

138. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

139. Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße, 17489, Greifswald, Germany

140. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

141. Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

142. Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

143. Department of Life Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

144. Chromocyte Limited, Electric Works, Sheffield, UK

145. Univeristy of Udine ‐ Department of Medicine, Lab of Immunology, Udine, Italy

146. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

147. Bindley Biosciences Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, In, USA

148. Desatoya LLC, Reno, NV, USA

149. Department of Experimental Immunology and Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, The Netherlands

150. Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

151. The SVM Professor of Cytomics & Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

152. Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino‐IST, Genova, Italy

153. Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

154. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

155. German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany

156. Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565–0871, Japan

157. Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan

158. Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Ruprecht‐Karls‐University, D‐69120, Heidelberg, Germany

159. Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology,Oxford, United Kingdom

160. Charité‐Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt‐Universitaet zu Berlin

161. Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

162. Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Boston, MA, USA

163. R&D Reagents, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

164. Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

165. Imaging and Cytometry Core Facility, Flow Cytometry Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

166. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto‐von‐Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany

167. AsedaSciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA

168. BD Life Sciences, San Diego, CA USA

169. Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

170. Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan

171. Departement for Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany

172. Institute for Medical Informatics, IMISE, Leipzig, Germany

173. School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

174. Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

175. University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, UK

176. Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research (NIBR), Basel Switzerland

177. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo

178. Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal

179. Unité Lymphopoiese, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

180. Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

181. Inst. Med. Immunol. & BCRT & Labor Berlin

182. A·P·E‐Applied Physics & Electronics, Berlin, Germany

183. Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

184. Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK

185. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon, USA

186. Medinfomatics Ltd., West Drayton, Middlesex, England

187. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, IfADo, Department of Immunology, Dortmund, Germany

188. Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg‐August‐Universität, Abt. Zelluläre und Molekulare Immunologie, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany

189. Cooperation Unit for Experimental and Translational Cancer Immunology, Institute of Immunology (Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany

190. BD Biosciences, San Jose CA, USA

191. School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

192. Emerald Biotech Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China

193. Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

194. Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse, Bern

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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3. A Photoelectronic Counter for Colloidal Particles1

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