1. Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
2. Heart Failure Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 222 Mai Chin Road Keelung, Taoyuan Taiwan
3. Chang Gung University College of Medicine Taoyuan Taiwan
4. Department of Nursing Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health Taiwan
5. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
6. Nutrition Department Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan
7. Department of Nursing Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Taiwan