Predictors of persistent disease in biologic treated type 2 diffuse/eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing surgery

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundBiologic therapy targeting type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has greatly improved disease control but nonresponders exist in a proportion of patients in phase 3 trials and clinical practice. This study explores the serum and histologic changes in biologic treated CRSwNP that predict disease control.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed of patients with CRSwNP on biologics for their asthma, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery while on biologic therapy. At the 6‐month postoperative assessment, patients with poorly controlled CRSwNP while on biologic therapy were compared to patients who were controlled. Blood and mucosal samples taken at the time of surgery 6 months prior were assessed to predict disease control.ResultsA total of 37 patients were included (age 47.8 ± 12.4 years, 43.2% female). Those with poorly controlled disease had reduced tissue eosinophils (% >100 cells/high‐powered field: 8.3% vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001) and increased serum neutrophils (5.2 ± 2.7 vs. 3.7 ± 1.1 × 109 cells/L, p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reduced tissue eosinophil was predictive for poorly controlled disease (OR = 0.21, 95% CI [0.05, 0.83], p = 0.03). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis showed that need for rescue systemic corticosteroid was predicted at a serum neutrophil cut‐off level of 5.75 × 109 cells/L (sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 96.9%, AUC = 0.938, p = 0.002).ConclusionLow tissue eosinophils and increased serum neutrophils while on biologics predict for poor response in the biological treatment of with CRSwNP. A serum neutrophil level of ≥5.75 × 109 cells/L predicts for poor response to current biologic therapy.