A New Development in the Thermodynamic Theory by Considering the Fractal Structure of Substances

Abstract

Fractal structure investigations of materials have a recent tradition in physics with applications to the natural sciences and technology. A new approach of fractal geometry in solids is analyzed, which allows the accurate evaluation of thermodynamic quantities for various values of fractional dimensions. Based on a fractal concept, the modified Einstein–Debye model and its application of thermodynamics are presented, which contribute to the evaluation of thermal properties as well as many materials. The reliable modified analytical expressions of the energy, heat capacities, entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy are established on the basis of modified Einstein–Debye approximation. This shows the perspective of the utilizing the fractal, describing quantities and parameters that analyze properties of nature.