Affiliation:
1. Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) Blegdamsvej 9 2100 København Ø Denmark
2. Department of Health Technology Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
3. Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 3 2200 København N Denmark
Abstract
AbstractLabel‐free blood typing by Raman spectroscopy (RS) is demonstrated by training an artificial intelligence (AI) model on 271 blood typed donor whole blood samples. A fused silica micro‐capillary flow cell enables fast generation of a large dataset of Raman spectra of individual donors. A combination of resampling methods, machine learning and deep learning is used to classify the ABO blood group, 27 erythrocyte antigens, 4 platelet antigens, regular anti‐B titers of blood group A donors, regular anti‐A,‐B titers of blood group O donors, and ABH‐secretor status, from a single Raman spectrum. The average area under the curve value of the ABO classification is 0.91 ± 0.03 and 0.72 ± 0.09, respectively, for the remaining traits. The classification performance of all parameters is discussed in the context of dataset balance and antigen concentration. Post‐hoc scalability analysis of the models shows the potential of RS and AI for future applications in transfusion medicine and blood banking.
Subject
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,General Materials Science