Affiliation:
1. Shu Chien‐Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92037 USA
2. Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson‐Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
Abstract
AbstractEach year, nearly 19 million people die of cardiovascular disease with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI) as the leading cause of the progression of heart failure. Due to the high risk associated with surgical procedures, a variety of minimally invasive therapeutics aimed at tissue repair and regeneration are being developed. While biomaterials delivered via intramyocardial injection have shown promise, there are challenges associated with delivery in acute MI. In contrast, intravascularly injectable biomaterials are a desirable category of therapeutics due to their ability to be delivered immediately post‐MI via less invasive methods. In addition to passive diffusion into the infarct, these biomaterials can be designed to target the molecular and cellular characteristics seen in MI pathophysiology, such as cells and proteins present in the ischemic myocardium, to reduce off‐target localization. These injectable materials can also be stimuli‐responsive through enzymes or chemical imbalances. This review outlines the natural and synthetic biomaterial designs that allow for retention and accumulation within the infarct via intravascular delivery, including intracoronary infusion and intravenous injection.
Funder
National Institutes of Health
Subject
Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,General Materials Science